That’s an interesting topic, separate from the MainTopic (RFK is an absolute idiot). I’d push back on the idea that Portuguese and Spanish exploration was fundamentally based on Arab teachings: they drew on knowledge from many sources and developed their own navigation practices. Still, Arabic-speaking scholars helped preserve, develop, and transmit important astronomy and mathematics that influenced Europe.
Likewise, Islam emerged in a late-antique world shaped by Judaism and Christianity, among other traditions.
That’s an interesting topic, separate from the MainTopic (RFK is an absolute idiot). I’d push back on the idea that Portuguese and Spanish exploration was fundamentally based on Arab teachings: they drew on knowledge from many sources and developed their own navigation practices. Still, Arabic-speaking scholars helped preserve, develop, and transmit important astronomy and mathematics that influenced Europe.
Likewise, Islam emerged in a late-antique world shaped by Judaism and Christianity, among other traditions.