ICE acquires Israeli spyware capable of hacking phones and encrypted apps
ICE has reactivated a $2M contract for Israeli spyware Graphite, sparking fears of civil liberties after previous cases of misuse
Under Trump, ICE has seen its operations and powers vastly expanded [Getty]
US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) are moving ahead with a multimillion-dollar contract for powerful Israeli-made spyware capable of hacking phones and encrypted messaging apps, drawing criticism from civil liberties groups and surveillance experts.
The $2 million deal with Paragon Solutions, the Israeli firm behind the Graphite spyware suite, was initially signed under the Biden administration in late 2024 but paused amid compliance reviews over privacy and security concerns.
According to The Guardian, the Trump administration has now lifted the pause, restoring ICE’s access to the tool and sparking a fresh debate over government surveillance powers.
Paragon’s Graphite software allows agencies to remotely penetrate smartphones, access encrypted applications such as WhatsApp and Signal, extract data, and even covertly activate microphones to turn devices into listening tools.
Critics warn the technology gives unprecedented surveillance capabilities to US immigration authorities at a time of heightened political and public scrutiny over civil liberty abuses by ICE.
The Washington Post reported that the pause was lifted following changes in Paragon’s ownership structure and the completion of federal regulatory reviews. The decision comes despite mounting evidence from rights groups and cybersecurity researchers about the risks of misuse, including against journalists and activists.
Earlier this year, researchers at the Citizen Lab, a cybersecurity watchdog based at the University of Toronto, discovered Graphite had been used to target the devices of journalists in Italy, including reporters from Fanpage.it, prompting a European investigation.
Italian officials denied any wrongdoing, but the revelations highlighted the growing global market for so-called "mercenary spyware" and the lack of transparency surrounding its deployment.
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In Washington, civil liberties advocates have expressed alarm over the implications of ICE regaining access to such invasive technology. Nadine Farid Johnson, policy director at the Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University, urged lawmakers to act.
"Reports that ICE has renewed its contract with spyware vendor Paragon compounds the civil liberties concerns," Johnson said in a statement last week.
"Spyware like Paragon’s Graphite poses a profound threat to free speech and privacy. Congress must step in to impose clear limits and safeguards before these tools are used in ways that undermine constitutional rights."
The Guardian reported that ICE officials have defended the contract, insisting the spyware is used strictly for law enforcement purposes, such as targeting transnational criminal networks and human trafficking operations.
However, critics point to the lack of independent oversight mechanisms and the absence of public information about how frequently or against whom the software is deployed.
The Washington Post added that the reactivation of the Paragon deal may signal a more permissive stance by the Trump administration toward domestic surveillance technologies.
Past controversies over the use of spyware such as Pegasus, developed by the Israeli firm NSO Group, have already prompted calls for stricter regulation. The Biden administration previously blacklisted NSO after its tools were linked to the hacking of US diplomats’ phones.
Under Trump, ICE has seen dramatically expanded powers and funding, fuelling concerns about its growing politicisation.
Critics point to sweeping arrests, including of non-criminal migrants, and the use of tactics once considered off-limits, such as unmarked vehicles and plainclothes agents. Civil liberties groups warn that without oversight, the agency risks becoming a tool of political intimidation rather than law enforcement, especially with access to powerful surveillance technologies.