this post was submitted on 09 Oct 2024
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Commodus was likely as bad as they say. Emperor Septimius Severus is said to have decried Marcus Aurelius for not strangling the kid when he had the chance. Of course, Septimius Severus's kid would turn out to be a gruesome fellow like Commodus, so he doesn't actually have much room to throw stones.
Caligula revisionism is... very problematic. The most I would say there is that some of the pop culture interpretations of him are false, and some of the incidents mentioned as rumors by Roman historians are likely exaggerated. He was pretty unambiguously a tyrant and extremely arbitrary in his rule. If you take 'madness' as 'detached from reality', Caligula probably wasn't mad. If you take 'madness' as 'sociopathic and impulsive', then Caligula was almost certainly mad.