this post was submitted on 23 Dec 2024
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Summary

France’s Flamanville 3 nuclear reactor, its most powerful at 1,600 MW, was connected to the grid on December 21 after 17 years of construction plagued by delays and budget overruns.

The European Pressurized Reactor (EPR), designed to boost nuclear energy post-Chernobyl, is 12 years behind schedule and cost €13.2 billion, quadruple initial estimates.

President Macron hailed the launch as a key step for low-carbon energy and energy security.

Nuclear power, which supplies 60% of France’s electricity, is central to Macron’s plan for a “nuclear renaissance.”

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[–] oce@jlai.lu 135 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago) (3 children)

For additional context, one of the reason for the delay and cost increase was the absurdly complex design due to French and German companies trying to collaborate on a new design as Germany was turning anti-nuclear, which culminated with Germany deciding to stop nuclear energy after the Fukushima Daiichi event.
Another big reason is the knowledge loss due to almost one generation without any reactor built in between.

[–] mosiacmango@lemm.ee 41 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago) (17 children)

Now do Georgia's Vogtle reactors 3 and 4, which came in at 34 billion for 2 x 1200mw plants, 21 billion over the original 14 billion estimate, and took over 14 years to build, 8 years behind schedule.

Im glad these powerplants finally got built. They will help, but nuclear is just not reasonable anymore. Its a slow, expensive tech, especially when we are making such leaps and bonds with solar/battery.

[–] oce@jlai.lu 38 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago) (11 children)

Even if wind and solar make huge progress, they will likely never be as efficient regarding raw materials efficiency and land use. Land use is the main contributor to biodiversity loss.

I don't think peremptory opinions about technologies are going to help. We should use what ever technology is the most reasonable and sustainable for each specific location.

[–] mosiacmango@lemm.ee 49 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago) (2 children)

Total land used for all power to be supplied by solar would be a hilariously tiny percentage of land, so this just reads like a solar version of "its killing birds" to me.

Agrivoltaics also side steps this non issue, as interlacing solar panels into farm land increases yields for many crops while making efficent use of space that's already spoiled any biodiversity. Can you do that with a nuclear reactor?

[–] kautau@lemmy.world 10 points 2 weeks ago (2 children)

Yeah in a perfect world based on some rough data you could supply the entire planet’s energy requirements with a solar plant about 300,000 square kilometers, or basically the size of Arizona, which translates to about 0.2% of the total landmass on earth. That being said, I’m curious what a solar plant the cost of this nuclear plant would look like, and where they’d put it. I think centralized vs distributed land rights and compensation is really tougher than the tech at this point.

[–] mosiacmango@lemm.ee 30 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago)

Nevada just built a hybrid 1400MW solar/battery plant for 2 billion dollars in 2 years.

That 1400MW is solar panel + battery output, so it doesnt match nuclear's steady state, but ive done the math on these projects before. We should be able to can build a 3000MW solar generating plant with 1200MW battery supply for 16hrs at roughly a cost of 17 Billion dollars, or 1 Vogtle nuclear plant. My time estimate was 6 years. This would output 2x the power of the Vogtle plant during the day, and output just as much as it over the night.

The above makes solar/battery not only way more productive than nuclear, but way safer, and way faster to built. All of that is just with demonstrated, everyday tech available today. It ignores all the huge advances being made in various batteries and panels. In the decade+ that it would take to open just one more reactor, we will likely be able to 2x-3x the power and speed to build at a lower cost with just solar/battery.

Nuclear was the right answer for the last 50 years. That's no longer the case.

[–] zqps@sh.itjust.works 2 points 1 week ago

wtf? Decentralized production is one of solar's greatest advantages.

[–] ryathal@sh.itjust.works 7 points 1 week ago

Nuclear could take over existing coal plants which would allow use of otherwise unusable land that's been polluted by coal. It would require regulatory changes though, as the coal plant is already irradiated beyond allowed levels for nuclear.

[–] Resonosity@lemmy.dbzer0.com 11 points 1 week ago* (last edited 1 week ago) (1 children)

Something to note about this chart is that ground-mount silicon solar PV isn't considered for sharing land use with activities such as farming in comparison to how onshore wind is (i.e. agrivoltaics).

NREL in the US estimates that there are currently ~10.1 GW of agrivoltaics projects spread across ~62,400 acres (or ~7 m^2 / MW).

Even this being said, I think brownfield or existing structures for new PV is the way of the future for solar PV. There is so much real estate that could be used and has the potential to offset grid demand growth while providing greater reliability for consumers. You'll need the big players to help with industrial loads, but even then, the growth of Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) has the potential to balance loads at the same scale as the big players for the prosumer market.

Edit: I'll also make mention of floatovoltaics, or the installation of solar PV on bodies of water, either natural or artificial. This is a burgeoning side of the industry, but this is another area that could present net zero or even negative land use per unit of energy.

[–] Knock_Knock_Lemmy_In@lemmy.world 3 points 1 week ago (1 children)
[–] Resonosity@lemmy.dbzer0.com 2 points 1 week ago (3 children)

Something to note about your link to solar fences is that one of the cons mentioned is that panels can't produce power for half of the day because they'll be facing away from the sun.

Bifacial panels exist and can collect energy from both faces of the module. We in the utility-scale space use these all the time. You'd want these over monofacial panels for fence applications

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[–] Saleh@feddit.org 10 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago) (1 children)

This is a poor argument. You just did what you explicitly should not do with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) results.

The ISO 14044 specifically requires life cycle assessment to include all relevant impact categories. In particular in comparative analysis it is crucial to not single out any one category, but look at the impact on the endpoints, e.g. ecosystems or human health.

https://www.h2.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Einrichtungen/Hochschulbibliothek/Downloaddateien/DIN_EN_ISO_14044.pdf

See page 37 onwards.

Here is the full LCA study, that you drew only one category from

https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2022-04/LCA_3_FINAL%20March%202022.pdf

Look at the Endpoint indicators, like "Lifecycle impact on ecosystems, per MWh, in pointes", "Life cycle impacts on ecosystems, no climate change,per MWh, in pointes", "Life cycle impacts on human health,per MWh, in pointes" etc.

Nuclear power does fare well in these categories, but often only marginally different to Wind Power and Solar Power. It certainly does not offset the cost difference, when you also have to include the opportunity costs of running coal or gas plants longer.

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[–] douglasg14b@lemmy.world 22 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago) (2 children)

It's slow expensive tech because we don't invest in it.

Every technology is slow and expensive when you have nearly an entire generational gap in knowledge and experience.

You'll know that I'm not saying solar and wind are not cheaper, they all exist in a different capacity and fill in the gaps they best fit.

[–] mosiacmango@lemm.ee 21 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 1 week ago) (1 children)

We have invested decades and billions into reactor tech. The DOE just announced another 900 million for SMR, on top of previous billion dollar grants. So far, every SMR company has failed to make any progress. The DOE even certified one for use and it still can't get it done.

Meanwhile, solar/battery research is getting funding from tons of sources, government and corporate, and exploding forward in every direction. Solar arrays are being deployed all over the world at insane rates, propelled mostly by just how inexpensive, safe, effective and easy it is to deploy. Its because of solar/battery that we may even hit some of the 2030 "pie in the sky" climates goals that were set across the world.

Its pretty clear which of the two techs we should be spending time on.

[–] Argonne@lemmy.world 2 points 1 week ago (1 children)

Both. There aren't enough rare earth materials to build enough solar panels to completely erase power plants. Panels have a devastating mining issue similar to batteries as well. Solar has lots of hidden costs no one talks about. It's cheap just like batteries but the opportunity cost is huge. Nuclear meanwhile has a high upfront cost which is the real reason it scares away investors. Also political anti nuclear nutters don't help with financing issues.

[–] mosiacmango@lemm.ee 16 points 1 week ago* (last edited 1 week ago) (2 children)

Solar panels can be made of many different types and volumes of material. First solar, the largest manufacturer in the US, uses a differenr process than chinese panels for example. Perovskite solar cells, which are not just yet ready for prime time but are advancing rapidly, don't use any.

Nuclear power has its own mining and rare material problems, in the form of uranium. You have to dig into the earth for it, and then after you use it, poison part of the planet forever. We still dont know what to do with all the nuclear waste we alrwady made.

Not exactly an ecological win.

[–] Argonne@lemmy.world 6 points 1 week ago* (last edited 1 week ago) (1 children)

Perovskite uses rare earth metals too, so while they increase efficiency they are just as destructive

You can fit all the nuclear waste jn the world in one football field. It's not alot.

[–] mosiacmango@lemm.ee 8 points 1 week ago* (last edited 1 week ago) (1 children)

Perovskite are iterating through many different materials as the science settles on them, but one of the positives is that the materials aren't nearly as rare.

you can fit all the nuclear waste in the world in one football field

This is not true because of radioactive waste water, containment vessels and spent fuel rods, all of which are highly radioactive along with your football field of actual spent fuel, but okay.

If we could do this or something like it, why haven't we? Is it because no one on earth wants that football field? Is it because we tried this at sites like Hanford, Washington and its been a half century of ecological disaster?

People undersell just how destructive the entire radioactive waste cycle is. Nuclear is way, way better than coal and oil, but solar/batteries kick its teeth in here.

[–] Argonne@lemmy.world 3 points 1 week ago* (last edited 1 week ago) (1 children)

Again, your hostility to Nuclear is completely misguided. Even the UN admits that Nuclear is needed to solve climate change https://news.un.org/en/interview/2024/06/1151006

China is building dozens of new Nuclear reactors while being the capital of solar panel manufacturing. There is no teeth kicking necessary. Nuclear kicks teeth out of everything in terms of reliability. Solar kicks teeth on speed and cost. Don't be a propaganda machine

Reminds me of this comic. Seeing it first hand with people like you

https://i.redd.it/9o6czv4wa58c1.jpeg

[–] mosiacmango@lemm.ee 7 points 1 week ago* (last edited 1 week ago) (2 children)

Ha, uses a modified stonetoss comic to reply to me and doesn't address any issues I just brought up in the previous comment. Neato. Glad to know you dont have any answers to nuclear waste either. Youre in good company.

Im pro nuclear, but I am also pro basic math. Solar/battery are cheaper and way faster to build, and designed correctly, offer equivalent baseline loading as nuclear. It's a no brainer to back burner any nuclear project for solar/battery, and that's exactly what's happening.

Im glad this reactor finally got finished. Im also glad China is building nuclear. With its directed economy, total disregard for local and global ecology and totalitarian government, they can streamline nuclear deployments in a way that makes them viable. When they are done and they offline all the coal and oil plants they have also built, it will be a good thing. For the rest of the world, and especially the US with its wide open and near endless federal land, solar/battery makes the most sense.

The only real competition is "Enhanced geothermal." There is a 400MW plant that is being built in Utah right now that should come online in 4 years. If they can stay on target, then nuclear is really fully dead.

[–] Resonosity@lemmy.dbzer0.com 5 points 1 week ago

Can't wait to see enhanced geothermal take off tbh. I know that the drilling tech couldn't really get us to the depth we need to see the right energy gains, but you are right that there are companies out there looking to make strides.

[–] Argonne@lemmy.world 3 points 1 week ago* (last edited 1 week ago) (1 children)

Geothermal is not viable in many places such as earthquake prone areas and also the east coast where the mantle has cooled significantly compared to the west coast which still has a hot, fresh plate in comparison. There are not too many viable places in the US for large scale geothermal power. Utah is in the sweet spot of a fresh plate in the west but far from major fault lines

[–] mosiacmango@lemm.ee 2 points 1 week ago* (last edited 1 week ago)

This is "geothermal anywhere", not bog standard geothermal. They use drilling tech developed by the oil and gas industry to dig far past normal thresholds, making geothermal way more viable.

It's a pure baseload tech with no nuclear downsides. Current projections are that it could supply roughly 20% of all US power. A perfect compliment to solar/battery, and still faster and cheaper than nuclear, SMR or otherwise.

Still nothing to say about Hanford, huh?

[–] GoodEye8@lemm.ee 4 points 1 week ago

Nuclear power has its own mining and rare material problems, in the form of uranium. You have to dig into the earth for it, and then after you use it, poison part of the planet forever. We still dont know what to do with all the nuclear waste we alrwady made.

Thorium is 3-4 times more abundant than uranium, is generally safer to use and would produce less waste that is also less radioactive and can become safe in a reasonable timeframe (few centuries compared to few hundred/thousand? centuries). Historically the main issue with Thorium has been that it's not as sexy as uranium because you can't make nuclear weapons out of thorium.

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[–] jlh@lemmy.jlh.name 9 points 2 weeks ago

Nuclear reactors have always been subsidized by the military. Solar and wind are so much cheaper than anything that came before.

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[–] Rhaedas@fedia.io 26 points 2 weeks ago (3 children)

with Germany deciding to stop nuclear energy after the Fukushima Daiichi event.

Hey, you don't know where the next tsunami will happen. Have to be proactive.

The real irony being that all Japanese reactors shut down due to the quake as designed, and the tsunami wouldn't have been a factor had money not been saved by shortcutting backup generator protection from flooding in a FLOOD ZONE.

[–] barsoap@lemm.ee 11 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago) (1 children)

had money not been saved

This just serves as a lesson to the "failsafe technology" crowd: That also involves failsafe humans. Those, to the best of my knowledge, have yet to be invented.

Oh and relatedly some German reactor ran for decades without a backup power generator. It was there, present, physically, that is, but noone bothered to check whether it actually worked. Merkel justified her flip-flop on the nuclear exit (shortly before Fukushima, she delayed the exit that SPD+Greens had decided on) by saying, more or less, "If the Japanese can't do it we can't do it either" but if she had been paying attention, it should've been clear that we couldn't do it. That became clear when the first SPD+Green coalition moved responisibity for nuclear safety from the ministry for economy to that for the environment, run by a Green, and they made a breakfast out of all that shoddy work that the operators had done. Oh the containment vessel is riveted... figures they put the rivets in the wrong way. Shut it down, have fun re-doing every single one of them before starting it up again.

Thus, my conclusion: The only people you can trust to run nuclear reactors safely are people who don't want nuclear reactors to exist in the first place.

[–] ubergeek@lemmy.today 2 points 1 week ago (1 children)

Human failsafes have been invented. Every nuclear silo has one: two, independent people, with unique keys, have to both agree to launch. Otherwise, it fails safe, and no launch. Even with valid launch orders.

[–] FooBarrington@lemmy.world 4 points 1 week ago* (last edited 1 week ago) (9 children)

Are you trying to tell us it's impossible for these two humans to fail at the same time? There's some physical law preventing them from receiving false information and acting on it? They can't be manipulated or forced to do things they don't want to?

That's the kind of failsafe GP was talking about. Not "99% safe except for rare circumstances", but actually 100% safe.

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[–] oyo@lemm.ee 5 points 2 weeks ago (1 children)

It's totally logical even aside from the economics. The consequences are too great, which is why nuclear plants are uninsurable. You think this French plant and Vogtle were expensive? Imagine if they had to be insured like everything else in our society. But they can't, because no insurance company is large enough. By default the public ends up footing that cost to the tune of trillions.

[–] Rhaedas@fedia.io 5 points 2 weeks ago (1 children)

If you exclude the early phases of nuclear development, and later accidents that happened due to bad management, how dangerous is well run nuclear energy? Maybe it's not the form of energy generation that's the problem.

[–] Saleh@feddit.org 2 points 2 weeks ago (1 children)

Maybe if the difference between "just an expensive technology" and "deadly disaster impacting the lifes of millions of people" is some bad management and poor regulatory oversight, it is not a technology fit for the use of current humanity.

[–] dragonfucker 3 points 1 week ago* (last edited 1 week ago) (1 children)

Personally, drag is pick-your-battles-nuclear. That is to say, scientifically it's a good technology, but fighting a political battle to get nuclear cheap enough to compete with wind and solar is pointless. Advocating wind and solar is much more efficient in terms of political effort spent.

[–] daltotron@lemmy.ml 3 points 1 week ago

Depends on context, which I think is missed in basically all these discussions. Solar, wind, and hydropower are obviously contextually dependent technologies, that are well suited to particular environments. They have to line up with energy demand curves, or else impose expensive and inefficient battery solutions. They don't have a whole lot of efficiency in terms of land use, which there are some proposed solutions for, but they're pretty efficient both economically, and are pretty ecologically contentious as long as recycling is being done adequately. Nuclear solves a different problem. It provides base load, which is somewhat important, it's potentially not as flexible as a technology, but it's easier to build infrastructure for because it's more consistent. It can also be somewhat land-use agnostic, though things like water use for cooling towers and tradeoffs such as that are definitely a consideration. It's also much denser in terms of land use, meaning it's potentially more efficient for larger cities.

They're both just different technologies, with different applications, and they both have a place in any sensible structuring of the world. I don't understand why people become so split along the obvious astroturfed and petrol-funded propaganda that floats around for both sides. You have pro-nuclear people that are saying solar panels like, require exotic materials mines, which is insanely ironic, and you have solar people who are fearmongering about solved problems like nuclear waste and safety concerns and efficiency in terms of economic cost, which is also insanely ironic. The fact that this conflict comes up every time strikes me as kind of horrendously stupid and obviously favorable to petrol lobbies.

[–] Resonosity@lemmy.dbzer0.com 3 points 1 week ago (1 children)

Bro, THE FUCKING BACKUP DIESEL GENERATORS FOR THE PLANT WERE BELOW SEA LEVEL.

Make it make sense. If those generators had been above sea level, well probably above 100-year tsunami levels, we likely would not have seen the plant catastrophically fail.

[–] Rhaedas@fedia.io 3 points 1 week ago (1 children)

That was part of the problem. Built where it was cheaper, ignoring literal ancient markers saying not to live there because of the past. But they would have still not failed, had they been designed for the potential of being submerged. Again, they were not because that would cost more for a long range risk. It all falls into bad planning and profit, not in any way because it was a nuclear plant.

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[–] einkorn@feddit.org 10 points 2 weeks ago (6 children)

It's always Germany's fault when it comes to nuclear, isn't it?

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