This seems to me more like a complaint about JS's functional methods on arrays being eager rather than a complaint about loops. All of this is solved in languages with iterators (or async iterators for a potentially better solution).

For example, in C#, .Where does nothing immediately on enumerable types, and on IAsyncEnumerable, you can go as far as streaming/chunking results from a DB into the enumerable and filtering off the DB asynchronously just by passing the enumerable into an await foreach. In Rust, you get the same options (though more verbose) using streams from futures.

Edit: the rest of the article doesn't really have much to do with loops, but these are all solved problems in C#, Rust, and I assume other languages too. Even Python has iterables, and you can configure your thread pools however you want to for concurrency.