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this post was submitted on 10 Sep 2026
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Privacy
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Zero-Knowledge Proofs Aren’t Age Verification Silver Bullets
Personally I'm optimistic that tech like this can be used in positive ways, but imo they should be developed transparently (open source) and decentralized.
How could the issuer track when a credential is used? Isn't the whole point that the issuer isn't needed for verification of the ZKP?
Because the credential is unique. Imagine you submit it every time you log into Google, Facebook, and Youtube. They could all collude and see that the same age verification token was used and link the accounts.
They are use once tokens, you get given like 50 or 100 when issued. There's no way to link them
If they are use once tokens then you need to get more. If implemented badly, they could be asking for a new one every time, and now the issuer knows whenever you are using them. I'm not sure exactly what implementstion flaws The EFF article was talking about but they have links if you want to learn more.
Edit: also, now that I think of it, if it's single use, then they need to be invalidated every time they are used. So this probably also notifies the issuer every time a token is used, and which token it was. There are probably ways to do this privately but it is a tricky problem, and something the government probably won't get right the first time, which is the main issue that the EFF is talking about.
The single use part is just for your privacy, they don't have to be invalidated. You could just have them last a week or
<time interval>on issueYou're talking about potential implementations. EFF is talking about issues in current implementation. As I said in my very first comment, I'm sure it can be done properly. The EFF is worried that if the current implementation is rolled out now, the system will stay unfixed for years and make privacy even worse.
But anyways, since you seem knowledgeable about the EUDI implementation and I'm too lazy to look it up, do you know if the current implementation allows a website to collude with the issuer to get the identity of a user?
My reference point is cloudflare's research on zero knowledge proofs used to issue anonymous tokens to bypass (pre-complete) captcha checkpoints.
Neither website nor issuer (nor the combination) can determine the identity of a user from the token (hence zero knowledge), but other techniques entirely unrelated to the cryptography can identify a user. For example network or browser metadata or traditional browser fingerprinting.
I see so it seems like we were talking past each other. I'm aware of Cloudflare's token system. As well as other systems like GNU Taler and Monero. So clearly privacy preserving systems can be built. But I also trust the EFF, and if they say the current system has major flaws I'm inclined to believe them
The age verification system can't be zero knowledge if they know what your token is, and can track it. Seems a bit funky
As you said, there's still metadata. For example, if they requested a new token every time you used one. Technically the token itself is still zero knowledge, but now the issuer knows when you use it.
In that argument the issuer is a private entity. In my argument the issuer is my country itself and they're not involved in the proof, because it happens on my device. The EUDI wallet, at least in theory, will be trusted, because it is signed by an EU member state. And it runs on my device, so the state doesn't know what I use it for. Just like a physical ID.
Ok so you clearly didn't read the article because it calls out EUDI explicitly:
the country is not trustworthy