First thing I'd do is call the pharmacy again, explain the situation, and ask if they can contact the doctor directly. This is not likely to work, but sometimes they have communication channels beyond the main office line. Pharmacies can sometimes override a prescription and offer enough of a med to get through the weekend, but not likely if this is a one-time prescription and not something you take regularly.

The only other approach is to try to get a prescription from elsewhere, like a telehealth service or an urgent care clinic, but that will require a consult which might come with a copay depending on your insurance (assuming they cover any part of it at all). You might be able to argue with your insurance that this was not your fault and they should cover it due to the circumstances, but they'll likely tell you that you should have gone somewhere in network anyways.

And this is all on top of the fact that you need pain medication, which could be interpreted as doctor shopping if you're not careful. If the original script was placed but not signed off and it shows up in an opioid control database (likely won't if it's just extra strength tylenol, but would if it's percocets), there's a good chance any other prescriber will say no and tell you that you have to follow up with that office when they reopen.

If you have no meds and the pain is unbearable, then you go to the ER. Depending on insurance, prepare for a high cost. Don't take an ambulance if you can help it.

Yes the USA is fucked.