The one example I’m aware of is prostate cancer. Diagnosis went through the roof when better testing became available, but the majority of the increase wouldn’t have a meaningful impact on the patients life quality or longevity.

My interpretation of the graph from this post is it’s the initial volley of potential instances from a new diagnostic tool, literally the low-hanging fruit. It’s mildly useful and somewhat interesting, but as with anything constituted from statistics, it’s an incomplete picture.