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LocalLLaMA
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Good question. You’re probably thinking of L402, which uses Lightning and HTTP 402. x402 is the same idea with USDC instead of sats: a server answers a request with “402 Payment Required” plus a price, the agent signs a small USDC authorization, and it retries the request with that signature attached. Coinbase started it, and it now runs on Base and a few other chains.
Concrete uses so far are mostly pay-per-request APIs that an agent calls on its own: paying a few cents for a search, a dataset row, an inference call or a scraped page, without the human setting up an account and API key for each service. Increasingly the seller is another agent too. Why USDC rather than Lightning: prices stay in dollars, no channel liquidity to manage, and many businesses already hold it. Lightning is great for this too, it’s just a different ecosystem.
Honestly, it’s early, and volume is small. That’s partly why I think the safety side matters now: the agent decides and signs on its own, the payment can’t be reversed, and the request it reads can contain text written by the party being paid. My model and checks sit right before that signature.
1-minute demo on Base Sepolia: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NeyFklYSfkA