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The original was posted on /r/factorio by /u/-Penguin07 on 2024-10-14 12:27:17+00:00.
I've been working for a (way too) long time on a Krastorio 6000 SPM megabase, now it's finally running stably. I used a city block layout, but not with the standard two-way rails separating the blocks. Instead, each "street" consists of two lanes going into the same direction for the full length of the street. So all streets are only one-way. My reason for trying this variation is that standard 4-way intersections need large buffers for a high throughput. I wanted to keep the size of the rail system reasonably small, which could be done with simpler 2x one-way intersections.
The system has horizontal and vertical "streets" that alternate in their direction, see the image above. So trains can not always take the most direct path, but their detours are not very long. Also, the city block borders are not all equal: some are surrounded by a counter-clockwise rail loop (like top left), others by a clockwise rail loop (like bottom middle), and others not even by a loop. So you can not always simply copy paste a design to a new block, but I liked this as it made building less boring.
The intersections are very simple: you can only go straight through on the same lane or go to one other direction. There are two lanes in the same direction everywhere, but you can only pick a lane after changing direction on an intersection, to prevent too much switching and to make sure both lanes are used. There is one additional buffer for one 1-4 train to wait before turning. As there are only two incoming directions on each intersection, there are few conflicts. Even with a new LTN train dispatched almost every second, the intersections can handle the traffic with almost no queues and delays.
The full megabase is only 7 by 7 blocks, but these blocks are quite large (one side is about 4 1-4 trains long), so they can produce a lot, especially with the powerful Krastorio machines. Smelting happens at the top and the bottom:
The ore is transported by 2-12 trains. Their rail network is separated from that of the rest of the base. The trains get their ore from mining outposts spreading into four directions at the top, then wait at the buffer at the left, and travel to a drop-off station once it needs more ore. The 1-4 trains carrying the plates into the base also have their own depots close to their loading stops. At the right, there is a depot for 1-4 trains getting coal and (Krastorio) imersite that can then enter the base. Inside the city block grid, there are three LTN depts for the standard 1-4 trains carrying materials between blocks.
My experience with this one-way rail system is positive: it is capable to carry the many trains needed for 6000 SPM without long queues or deadlocks. Especially with the upcoming expansion giving us elevated rails, the efficiency can be improved even further with only two small overpasses per intersection.