Tuxedo Computers is worth a look.

Tuxedo. Very happy with mine.

Slimbook is Spanish I believe

I bought a Slimbook recently and I'm very happy with it. I have Evo 14 and the performance is great, I love the keyboard and touchpad (but that's a personal preference), screen is great, DisplayPort USB-C port is great, everything works fine with Linux. Battery life is OK (I changed BIOS settings to stop charging at 60% so I'm getting maybe 1.5h out of it, charging to 100% you should get~3h). The GPU is fine, I'm able to run 7B models on it using ollama. The only issue is that it gets hot (the CPU runs at 60C when you try to do anything) but it's only an issue if you want to keep it on your lap while working.

Vant (https://www.vantpc.es/equipos/portatiles/) is another Spanish company. I have their PC and I'm also happy with it.

At work we have computers from Wortmann. They also offer laptops. They come with Windows 11 pre-installed, but I'm certain that you can install an OS of your choice. These devices are distributed through IT Services that usually cater to other businesses, but as far as I can tell from their website they also offer to sell to normal customers. They seem to offer in Germany, France, Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, United Kindom Poland, Japan and Asia

There is Schenker from germany or their gaming brand xmg

Is there one as well that's Linux-based, and uses as few American/Chinese manufacturers as possible?

~~Frame.work is an option~~Nah, sorry, I thought it was EU (Netherland based) but it turns out it is not. Cool products though.