Even if there are tight time constraints, you won’t sacrifice quality, because that would make you slower.
Too right. People find this so hard to understand. I think they dramatically underestimate the payback time on technical debt.
I am currently working in a startup that has the classic "we're a startup, quality doesn't matter" attitude. They think that they might not be around in a year so it's best to go fast and not give a shit about tech debt.
In my experience that attitude bites in under 6 months. I'm already wasting entire days sorting out messes that they neglected to deal with.
Zig and Go are serious. I think Python would be a language that isn't serious (despite it's widespread use in serious applications) but has a reputation for being easy. I don't know if that reputation is really deserved.
Anyway I would start with one of Python, Go or Typescript (via Deno). I would avoid Rust, Haskell, OCaml, C++ as your very first language, but they could be your second.
Whatever you do don't learn Python and stop there. That's the way to be a crap programmer. And if you do use Python learn to use type hints early on.