[-] SelfhostedResearch@lemmy.world 10 points 9 months ago

Just got a reply from the mods: the post was caught in Reddit's filter, and they have now manually approved it.

[-] SelfhostedResearch@lemmy.world 24 points 9 months ago

That's right, I have tried to post it also to Reddit, but I've got "Sorry, this post was removed by Reddit’s filters." I have sent a message to the mods, now waiting for response.

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Hey everyone,

We're excited to finally share the results summary of the survey we posted in this community a few months ago! A massive thank you to the n=2158 active self-hosters from communities like r/selfhosted on Reddit and c/selfhosted on Lemmy.World who participated. Your input has led to a comprehensive academic paper that investigates the core reasons why we stick with self-hosting over the long haul.

Our study examined which factors most influence the Continuance Intention (the desire to keep using) and Actual Usage of self-hosted solutions. We confirmed that self-hosting is a principle-driven and hobby-driven practice, challenging traditional models of technology adoption.

The Top 3 most important Positive Drivers for Continued Self-Hosting

The most significant positive predictors of your intention to continue self-hosting were all rooted in intrinsic satisfaction and personal gain, rather than just basic utility:

  1. Perceived Enjoyment (The 'Fun Factor'): The sheer joy, pleasure, and personal satisfaction of configuring, maintaining, and experimenting with your own systems is a powerful, primary motivator for long-term engagement.
  2. Perceived Autonomy (Control/Digital Sovereignty): The desire for explicit control over your data and services, and the rejection of vendor lock-in inherent in third-party cloud services, is a fundamental driver.
  3. Perceived Usefulness: The belief that your self-hosted solution efficiently delivers specific personal outcomes (e.g., operational efficiency, powerful features, and privacy) is important, but its influence was less pronounced than Enjoyment or Autonomy.

The Critical Role of Technical Skill

We found that your self-assessed technical ability, or Perceived Competence, acts as a crucial link between wanting to self-host and actually doing it. Having a high intention to keep self-hosting is only half the battle. Your confidence in your technical skill is what gives you the self-assurance to handle the necessary, demanding tasks like maintenance, security, and updates. Importantly, a certain critical threshold of knowledge is required before competence starts driving that actual, continuous usage.

Other Key Insights

  • Privacy Matters: Concerns about privacy in cloud services positively influence the decision to stick with self-hosting.
  • The 'Push' Factor: If a user reports high Trust or high Autonomy when using commercial cloud services, they are significantly less motivated to continue self-hosting. This confirms that dissatisfaction with the commercial cloud effectively "pushes" people toward decentralized alternatives.
  • Maintenance Isn't a Dealbreaker: The high effort and time required for upkeep, or Perceived Maintenance Cost, was not a statistically significant factor for giving up on self-hosting. Our intrinsic motivation is powerful enough to absorb the necessary effort.

Implications for the Self-Hosting Ecosystem

For developers and the community, these findings suggest that sustained usage depends not only on functionality but also on fostering empowerment and a great user experience. By making self-hosting more enjoyable and reinforcing the user's sense of digital sovereignty, we strengthen the intrinsic motivation that fuels this movement.

Thank you again for helping us publish this research on the future of decentralized digital solutions! This work would not have been possible without your participation.

The full open-access article "A Model of Factors Influencing Continuance Intention and Actual Usage of Self-Hosted Software Solutions": https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/22/10009

Thank you for completing the survey and for your thoughtful feedback. The similarity between some questions is intentional and follows common scientific practice when measuring complex or abstract concepts. Using multiple, slightly varied items that target the same construct increases the reliability and validity of the data by capturing subtle nuances and reducing the influence of random response variation. While your suggestion to show only a subset of such items through adaptive platforms is valid and worth exploring, fixed item sets are generally preferred in research settings to ensure consistent and robust measurement. We appreciate your input and will consider it in future survey design improvements.

[-] SelfhostedResearch@lemmy.world 14 points 1 year ago

Thank you for your feedback! You're right, self-employment could be listed more clearly, but choosing “Other” was absolutely fine and your response is fully valid. Thanks again!

[-] SelfhostedResearch@lemmy.world 18 points 1 year ago

Yeah, it surprised me too! If you want to read more about it, check out the paper titled "Towards Privacy and Security in Private Clouds: A Representative Survey on the Prevalence of Private Hosting and Administrator Characteristics" by Gröber et al. (2024).

Thanks for the comment: that’s a really good point to raise.

Just to clarify: the statement "I use self-hosted services in the following categories as much as possible" is meant to reflect how fully you make use of self-hosted solutions in each area. A response like “Strongly agree” would indicate that you actively use and take full advantage of self-hosting in that category.

If you don’t use solutions in a particular category at all — whether that’s because you don’t need them, aren’t interested, or use only external services — then it’s completely appropriate to select a disagreeing option (e.g. “Disagree” or “Strongly disagree”). In this context, lower agreement simply indicates low or no use, regardless of the reason.

From a methodological standpoint, the data will be analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). This approach requires a complete set of responses across the measured constructs. If we included a “not applicable” option, it would create missing values in the dataset and potentially lead to excluding the entire response for that part of the analysis — which would significantly reduce the usable sample size.

That said, I really appreciate your feedback! :)

[-] SelfhostedResearch@lemmy.world 30 points 1 year ago

That’s a very valid concern, and you’re absolutely right to bring it up.

One existing study that surveyed the general population found that about 8.4% of respondents were self-hosting users, which means that in order to get enough self-hosters from the general population for meaningful analysis, we’d need a very large sample.

Unfortunately, we don’t have the funding or resources to conduct such large-scale research through a representative panel or agency. That’s why this study is focusing on communities where self-hosting is already discussed, like this one.

That said, we’re definitely aware of this limitation, and we’re also sharing the survey in broader, more general-interest online communities where we expect non-self-hosters (or people unfamiliar with the concept) to be more present. This will allow us to include comparisons between the two groups in the analysis.

Really appreciate your thoughtful comment — thanks!

You're absolutely right, rephrasing similar questions is a common technique in survey design to reduce bias and improve reliability.

Some questions may feel a bit redundant or oddly phrased because we based the survey on validated constructs from prior academic research, especially well-established models like the Technology Acceptance Model. Using these standardized scales helps ensure the results are scientifically sound and comparable with previous studies - though I totally get that it can feel repetitive from a participant’s point of view.

That said, I really appreciate the feedback from both of you.

[-] SelfhostedResearch@lemmy.world 28 points 1 year ago

Thanks for the comment — that’s a valid observation, and I understand how the wording might feel a bit awkward.

Just to clarify: the statement comes from a standardized construct called Subjective Norms, and follows the phrasing from the paper "A Theoretical Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model" by Venkatesh & Davis (2000).

For all independent variables in the survey, we relied on validated scales and established practices from prior scientific research, to ensure consistency and reliability. That said, I really appreciate your feedback. :)

Absolutely, that’s our intention as well! Our university actively encourages publishing in open-access journals whenever possible, and I fully support that approach. So yes, if all goes well, the results will definitely be published open access. Thanks for the encouragement! :)

[-] SelfhostedResearch@lemmy.world 12 points 1 year ago

It's true! :) Starting with TLD: si - Slovenia; um - University of Maribor; feri - Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; lpt - Laboratory for Data technologies; and survey for LimeSurvey.

[-] SelfhostedResearch@lemmy.world 20 points 1 year ago

Thanks so much – I definitely will! The results will be published in my PhD dissertation, and since publication in a scientific journal is a requirement for completing the degree, they’ll be shared there as well. I’ll make sure to post a link here once everything is available! :)

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Hi everyone,

I’m a PhD student in Computer Science researching why people choose to self-host software—what motivates you, what concerns you, and what factors affect your decision-making.

To better understand this, I’ve prepared a short anonymous survey (~10 minutes). Your insights as part of the self-hosting community would be incredibly valuable for this research.

🔗 Survey link: https://survey.lpt.feri.um.si/376953?newtest=Y&lang=en&s=ls

This study is part of my doctoral research at the University of Maribor, Slovenia, conducted under the supervision of Assist. Prof. Lili Nemec Zlatolas, PhD. All responses are anonymous and used strictly for academic purposes.

If you’ve ever self-hosted anything—or even just considered it—I’d really appreciate your input.

Thanks a lot for your time, and feel free to ask me anything about the project (luka.hrgarek@um.si)!

Cheers!

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