This isn’t about limits of accuracy
According to who? Where does it say what it's about? It doesn't.
please show me how basic arithmetic can make 0.999
You still haven't shown why you're limiting yourself to basic arithmetic. There isn't anything at all in the meme to indicate it's about basic arithmetic only. It's just some Maths statements with no context given.
then a correct use of the system must be applicable to everything, right?
Different systems for different applications. Sometimes multiple systems for one problem (e.g. proofs).
You shouldn’t need a new system like algebra to be correct, right?
Limits of accuracy isn't algebra.
And if you don't then you can no longer claim they are still equal.