Implied multiplication coming before explicit multiplication/division is what’s recent.
- "implicit multiplication" is not taught, because there's no such thing as implicit multiplication
- the "controversy" over it isn't recent either - we can see Lennes complaining about it more than 100 years ago! The more things change the more they stay the same (sigh).
If you have both multiplication and division then you do them left to right. PEMDAS doesn't mean multiplication first, nor does BEDMAS mean division first. It's PE(MD)(AS) and BE(DM)(AS) where the bracketed parts are done left to right.
Left associativity means it always operates on the following term. i.e. terms are associated with the sign on their left.
By the rule of left associativity.
No it doesn't. How on Earth did you manage to get -2?
No they're not, but I don't know yet where you're going wrong with them without seeing your working out.