capitalism itself was built with ongoing slavery and genocide
And farmers who own their lands
they got the land through genocide
context
joined 3 years ago
no more half measures, walter
this is actually the same study. the difference is "at least 4.5 million" vs "up to 6 million".
paper says tropical wetland microbial action, so not clathrates yet, no.
i'm looking at figure 3 in the academic source.
delta carbon-13 is a measure of the ratio of carbon-12 vs. carbon-13 in a sample, in this case in samples of atmospheric methane gas. the lower the value, the fewer carbon-13 isotopes there are relative to carbon-12 isotopes. carbon-13 is stable, it doesn't radioactively decay.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9413C
so if you can date samples of atmosphere trapped in ice cores and measure the amount and isotopic composition of the methane then you can construct a graph like that figure 3. different processes result in distinct isotopic signatures for the methane released into the atmosphere. what their chart shows is that from about 1100 c.e. to 1900 c.e. the delta carbon-13 ratio dropped by about 2 per-mil while atmospheric methane concentration rose, which they attribute to a decrease in biomass burning sources of methane and an increase in agricultural sources of methane.
then in 1900 c.e. there's a big increase in atmospheric methane along with a big increase in delta carbon-13. fossil fuel sources of methane are much heavier than natural sources, so as trapped methane was released into the atmosphere it produced a sharp change in the isotopic ratio.
but then about 15 years ago the isotopic signature sharply reversed course even as methane concentration started suddenly rising more rapidly. so something weird is going on these past two decades where we've possibly already started feedback loops that result in releasing trapped permafrost methane, for example. the paper suggests it's mostly from tropical wetlands, but the focus of the paper is on the isotopic observations.
that delta carbon-13 curve is unsettling
in north korea our clothing must cover our entire legs, and if we wear shorts they cut your lower legs off so that now your legs are just as short as your shorts!
we have several different flavors of left unity emojis!
smoke the pot from thine own eyes before helping another passenger with their oxygen mask 
just do a few things that are against the interests of the ruling class! it's easy! they never react with overwhelming violence!