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I think this is the general formula:
The Serotonin decides (expected reward). The expectation of biggest reward in the shortest span of time with the least amount of effort and sacrifice of other things.
If time is prolonged, the reward needs to be bigger.
Being hungry moves you towards the food, not being hungry will move you towards the TV show.
If he is not that hungry he might choose the TV, but if he gets hungry while watching he might change his mind and go for the food, despite being in the middle of the show.
If money is short the dish will decline in priority, especially for people with functioning frontal lobes.
But there can be many many factors that are weighed not consciously but emotionally. Research shows we are way more guided by emotions than we think, we do what our emotions tell us, and then we rationalize it afterwards to convince our consciousness that it was in control all the time, despite it wasn't.
A significant part of our emotional state is actually controlled by bacteria in our stomach! So it is not entirely the brain alone as another comment claims. But it is signals that are sent to the brain, so in that way the brain remains the ultimate decision maker.
So what is going on when people don't get the right signals?
Like if I don't drink for a full day, I don't experience thirst. But sometimes I do. Not sure what makes the difference.
Once, I tried to just drink a specific amount every hour or something. But I also had a situation where I had to vomit (just water) presumably because I drank too much in a short while.
Is there some way to train yourself to be aware and able to tell these signals correctly again? Nowadays I usually drink something when I feel a headache because apparently that is also typical for dehydration.
If you don't get the right signals, it definitely is detrimental to having the right behavior.
Regarding thirst it is well known that elderly people don't feel thirst to drink as much as they should.
This harms the kidneys and people may actually die earlier from such a thing.
I am not aware that this can be trained. You should ask a professional, if you urine is dark yellow you should definitely drink more water.
Somebody told me to check the color to know
Problem is that, since I don't drink that much, I also don't go to the toilet often.
Especially when I was still working. I would forget to go to the toilet.
I would typically only go once per day or maybe once per two days.
If my memory was better I could probably just remember to drink often enough.
Things like drinking water is about attention, not so much about memory
Maybe there are too many other and stronger sensations for me to be able to notice and pay attention to my thirst?
IDK how you're experiencing things. If it's "ahedonia" it could be that the signals aren't reaching your conscious part or that it didn't learn to process them meaningfully