AI based weapon systems do not have the shock value of being a weapon of mass destruction. They are only an automated version of basic guns and explosives (that are available pretty much everywhere, including homemade variants) on a mobile platform. And the nuclear weapon proliferation treaty is pretty much dead in the water, with multiple nation states either already having acquired them in the last 2 decades or being so close to having them that the only thing holding them back is political in nature, and these barriers are easily jumped over.

It took WW2 and the potential to sterilize and glass over the entire planet to make countries agree that nuclear disarmament is needed. I do not see the necessary willingness to prevent "automated guns". In a world where nuclear proliferation treaties are crumbling, i would not bet a dime on a worldwide regulation of AI-powered weaponry, especially when looking at how many fucks the big countries are giving when the UN or ICC is speaking.

The only wild card in this situation is that basic FPVs are so cheap and easy to build out of commonly available consumer goods that it can't really be prevented that common people might build them (or outright just buy them), and the people with better technical knowledge will also be able to build their own AI weapons. That's like "the democratization of violent force". Seeing how smart the average person is makes my head hurt when trying to envision such a future.