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"SMRs — which are smaller and less costly to build than traditional, large-scale reactors"
They somehow forgot to mention a few key things:
They don't actually exist yet.
They may be cheaper but they generate way less power. If you added up the cost of enough SMRs to equal one conventional nuclear plant they would be even more expensive than an already prohibitively expensive method of generating power.
What a dumb article.
They exist, what do you mean? We’ve been powering a fleet of submarines with them since the 1950s.
Yeah, it’s going to cost a lot upfront to get them commercially viable, but for the few places where renewables need assistance, I don’t see why this can’t make sense.
I'm talking about methods of power generation that contribute to the grid. I thought that was obvious, my bad.
They will never be commercially viable. The reason we have always built the biggest nuclear plants feasible is because that was the only way that they made any financial sense.
One significant benefit of these would be the lack of transmission losses that plague massive plants which have to send electricity sometimes hundreds of miles. Having smaller units maintained by municipalities would be cheaper for cities far from major electrical plants.
I was curious, so I checked to see the current longest ultra-high voltage dc transmission line:
As a general rule of thumb, HVAC lines will be somewhere around 5-6% line loss per 1000kms, and HVDC somewhere around 3%/1000kms
You could make the same argument for renewables though, and they're much, much more inexpensive.
Depends on many factors. Solar would be useful if the area had extensive terrain that could serve the city, however, in northern latitudes winter would be challenging with short days and low angle sunlight. If the situation allows, wind power could be useful, when the wind is blowing. The fantastic thing about these units is that they'll crank out the KW day, night, no matter the season or location. They are not restricted to large generator farms with the scale of upkeep and maintenance they require. A city could be isolated in challenging remote areas and be self sustaining for their energy needs. These aren't meant to be a "fix-all" solution for every situation, but they make tremendous sense in many applications where current methods are not ideal.
I get what you're saying but we really should move away from needing power to be generated locally. High voltage DC can move power across huge distances with minimal loss - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-voltage_direct_current
We don't need new nuclear in the US, we need the government to get off its ass and mandate an upgraded national grid so we can send power to wherever it's needed. We already have the perfect conditions in the south for solar and the midwest prairies for wind, as well as offshore. Couple those with storage and there really is no case for SMRs outside of them being a way for fossil fuel companies to justify continuing to kill the planet while we wait for "the next big thing in nuclear power".
ok so, minor addition here.
Both ac and HVDC are relatively efficient forms of power transfer.
The problem with AC is the skin effect (tl;dr is that the current is carried around the edge of the conductor, not the center, though you can cheat this as well) And the fact that AC running in a submarine cable is going to essentially act as a capacitor, and cause problems. (large losses)
AC traveling through the air doesn't have this problem. The skin effect is less pronounced than you think because you can just use a higher voltage since it requires less current (transformers also have really good efficiencies when not saturated or undergoing other shenanigans) Also you can design the cabling to abuse this, using outer strand conductors, and then an inner structural strand, to strengthen the line.
HVDC is particularly applicable in undersea cables, due to the capacitor thing just not existing. Making it actually viable. It's applicable above ground, but the problem is transforming between AC to HVDC and then back to AC. There are reasons to do this, for instance you may be between two grids with two different frequencies, this is the only solution in that case. You may want the grids to be able to operate semi independently (again frequency related)
The big problem with HVDC is that it's inevitably more complicated. Prior to micro electronics we would use vacuum tubes, or prior to that, two motors linked end to end, one run on AC the other generating DC, and then duplicate that in reverse on the other side (that was also how we used to do voltage conversion in DC systems IIRC)
These days we just use semiconductors, but carrying a lot of power is hard, and expensive. (and also not perfectly efficient) There's a reason massive boxes of copper wire and mineral oil are the standard solution. Dead simple, easy to maintain, and they quite literally just work.
Thanks for the info, interesting!
I heard about a plan to use HVDC to move solar power from Morocco all the way to the UK.
https://www.wired.co.uk/article/the-uks-wild-plan-to-use-a-giant-cable-to-catch-sun-from-the-sahara
If that's feasible then moving solar power from Arizona to Minnesota or wind from North Dakota to New York seems feasible. One criticism of renewables is that the sun doesn't always shine and the wind doesn't always blow but it's always sunny and windy somewhere and we can move that electricity around with HVDC, lessening the need for storage.
this is true. But the technicalities present are immense and would require some significant mathematical modelling in order to optimally determine the solution.
The primary issue with long distance transmission is that unless it's one singular line, it's really difficult to know where power is going. It's realistically going to take the path of least resistance, but what this path is, where it is, and where it goes is complicated. If you have a long distance transmission line from point A to point B it's much much simpler and a lot easier to deal with.
A particular example would be alaska, particularly farther north, where the sun gets really bizarre in the winter. That's a prime candidate for anything that isn't solar basically. Wind might even be problematic with the temperatures there. Nuclear however? Great starting point.
It's hard to phrase it, but basically. hyper local generation is going to be more important than long distance transmission with renewables, particularly wind, it's just more efficient that way. Even if norther solar panels produce less power than more southern panels, it might actually make sense to have them there, due to transmission complexities, losses, and just general shenanigans. (if one significant transmission line goes down an entire grid can fail)
If you were to just plonk down a plant in arizona for instance, and hook it up to the local grid. That power is going places. Where exactly? Nobody knows! It could be literally anywhere within the grid! Heres a particularly good demo of this
You could very well export lots of solar and wind, but honestly, i think it's just going to be more feasible to properly manufacture nuclear power, until we can get fusion power to be a thing that exists. It's stable, flexible, and we know it'll work. As anybody would in CS would tell you, it's a heuristics problem, and heuristics suck. They're relatively accurate, and give good information, but they are a pain in the ass to develop. Though i guess if solar manages to do that for cheaper it just doesnt matter lol.
(also in case you're wondering, they're using HVDC cuz it's undersea transmission. They might also run at different frequencies? I dont know.)
We're in desperate need of an upgraded grid anyway, that's a separate issue from nuclear. It needs to be able to carry power over long distances, incorporate local generation and intelligently route power to where it's needed. It also needs to be robust enough to keep hackers out.
Even though it's a separate issue, if we build that then nuclear makes even less sense.
i suppose so. That's another heuristics nightmare though. That or it will take centuries lol.
Also intelligently routing power technically already happens, just based on the nature of the network. I suppose certain automated segmentations could help though. Realistically if we want a fully decentralized grid network it needs to be on a town/city basis, rather than a county/state basis.
Except long distance power transmission losses are not minimal. Depending on many factors, losses can easily be in the 5% - 10% range. With the amount of energy going through those wires, that's HUGE. The additional complexity and inefficienies of relay stations, all add up. Having worked in the power sector for nearly a decade, I knew engineers who were celebrated in being able to squeeze an improvement of tiny fractions of % efficiency, as that resulted in millions of dollars saved throughout the year.
Electricity from HydroQuebec comes from hydro dams in the north (James Bay and Churchill, Labrador) of the province to interties at the US border. They're using 735kV and 765kV AC for their long runs.
In my own province of Manitoba, there are three sets of high voltage direct current (450kVdc) lines that go between 900kms and 1300kms to population centres and the US border. The first one built in the early 1970s.
There are a number of HVDC lines in the US too, California has some that have been in service for 50+ years.
Are you referring to AC or HVDC?