this post was submitted on 26 Nov 2023
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That is an interesting question in its own right.
There are lots of theories on this:
Even if no "far future tech" is available, using just fusion based propulsion (near future tech). The galaxy could be colonized in a few million years. Which considering the age of the universe/galaxy is an extremely short time.
Yeah, I love the fermi paradox. What if AI is the great filter? Civilizations eventually build AI that can build better versions of itself, and the result is always that the AI kills the civilization (or some equivalent - say, people stop knowing how things work, the AI eventually breaks in some way, then people can't survive in the world built for AI).
I also like the Dark Forest idea too. From the book The Dark Forest which is the sequel to The Three Body Problem. But knowing about it might spoil the book so I don't want to explain it here.
I know about the dark forest idea, but it is a little flawed (a long with most of the solutions) it is predicated on the assumption where ALL civilizations follow the script.
No it doesn't require that, because as soon as one doesn't follow the script, they poke their metaphorical head up and BAM, get them before they get you. No one will have their head up for long because they get wiped out.
This is the case, but waging interstellar war necessarily will reveal your position to the grater galaxy. In which case, you have "poked your head up". If you assume that there are more than two such civilizations then the war continues until there is only one.
At some point there are only two, it is unlikely that both will be eliminated to the point that neither can never rise again.
Run the thought experiment; assume you are civilization C, you detect that somewhere "near by" a civilization (Civ A) sends out a signal. A short time later a great war breaks out. Civ A is utterly eliminated, you detect that there are slagged planets and exploded moons. Whilst you could not detect directly that Civ B; you know that Civ B is out there somewhere, you know the time delay and thus can estimate the probable radius within which Civ B could exist. You step up your passive detection efforts focusing on eventually (100's of years) you find Civ B. Now you know that they are doomed, but you need to ensure you don't meet the same fate. But you also know that another civilization may have done exactly the same thing, and is watching Civ B for any sudden change. But you can't let a know civilization exist when you known that they may find you at any time, and they will eliminate you as soon as they find you.
Well one interesting thing to add to the mix is that signals (like, say, wifi) don't actually last that long. They disappate to below detectable levels pretty quick, to appear just part of the cosmic microwave background.
Therefore if that's your method of detection, you can't really detect very far across the galaxy. Maybe a few hundred or few thousand light years even with the best technology we could assume would exist in the near-mid future. And the milky way is about 90k light years across. And we are on the end of an arm, in a sparse area of the galaxy. Probably the bulk if life is with the bulk of stars towards the centre which we have pretty much no way of seeing what happens that far away (at a planet level).
So probably the inability to know what others are doing would be a big reason why dark forest doesn't really work.
This is a problem; but we also don't know what sensing technologies are available in the future.
There is a very interesting sensor that I was reading about; it uses entangled photons (microwave) one is sent to what is to be detected in a electromagnetically noisy environment, but the measurement is made on the entangled partner which is in a low noise environment. This allows the measuring precision way beyond the noise floor of the measured environment.
I'm not sure what breakout tech will come along; I know that beyond about 300ly, even powerful signals like the original Olympics broadcast in 1936 would be below the noise floor of the CMB. But that is not really a hard limit to detection, the GPS signals are below the noise floor yet they are used everyday by billions of people.