Quran is not a series of independent commandments. All of it has context. 5:82 was about jews who allied with the polytheists against muslims, they signed a contract and then broke it.

No islamic scholar worth their salt says jews are evil or hostile in and of themselves, rather it is always in context of their actions.

Same surah in ayat 48 says jews and christians were given different scriptures and muslims should compete with them in good deeds.

2:62 says there are righteous believers among jews and christians and they will have their rewards.

60:8 says Muslims must act kindly and justly towards those who do not fight them because of their faith (including jews christians)

The same ayat that you referenced 5:82 praises christians because before this ayat was revealed, a group of christian came, read quran and accepted islam.